Corrosion and tube failure caused by water chemistry
Recommended ranges( Co-ordinated phosphate treatment for w/t
boiler )
pH
|
-
9.6 to 10.3
|
PO4
|
- 4
to 20 ppm
|
N2H4
|
-
0.01 to 0.03 ppm
|
TDS
|
-
< 150 ppm
|
Cond
pH
|
-
8.6 to 9.0
|
Cl
|
- 20
ppm
|
O2
|
- 10
ppb
|
Si
|
- 10
ppb
|
Chlorides
- Measure 100ml
of sample water into a casserole
- Add 10 drops
phenol pthalein (RE 106)
- Neutralize with
sulphuric acid
- Add 10 drops of
Potassium Chromate
- Titrate Silver
Nitrate untill sample just turns brick red
- ppm as CaCO3=
(ml x 10) ppm
- Measure 100ml
of sample water into a casserole
- Add 10 drops of
phenolpthalein
- Neutralise with
TDS reagent (acetic acid)
- Temperature
compensate then read off scale in ppm.
- Fill one 10 ml
tube with distilled water
- Fill one 10 ml
tube with boiler water tests.
- Add 0.5 ml
sulphuric acid (RE 131) to each
Add 0.5 ml Ammonium Molybdnate (RE130) to each
Add 0.5 ml Aminonapthol Sulfonic acid (RE 132) to each
Stir well between each addition - Wait 3 minutes
for calorimetric compaison
Alternately
Vanado-molybdnate test
- Place 5 ml
boiler water in 10 ml tube
- Place 5 ml
distilled water in other 10 ml tube
- Top both to 10
ml with Vanado-molybdnate reagent
- Place in colour
comparator and compare after 5 mins
- Add 9ml
distilled water to one tube
- Add 9 ml boiler
test water to anouther
- Add 1 ml
hydrazine reagent to each
- Use colour
comparator
- 100 ml filtered
water
- Add 1 ml
phenolpthalein
- If pH >8.4
Solution turns pink
- Add H2SO4
untill pink disapears
- Ml 0.02N H2SO4
x 10 = ALk in CaCO3 ppm
- Measures
hydroxides and carbonates in sample, bi-carbonates do not show up so
sample should not be allowed to be exposed to the air for too long
Alkalinity
Methyl orange
Bi carbonates do not show
up in the phenolpthalein sample as they have a pH < 8.4. Bi carbonates can
not occur in boiler but if suspected in raw feed then the following test.
- Take
phenolpthalein sample, add 1 ml methyl orange
- If yellow, bi
carbonates are present
- Add H2SO4
untill red
- Total 0.02N H2SO4
x 10 = Total Alk in CaCO3
- 100 ml
unfiltered sealed water poured into two 50 ml glass stoppered test tubes
- Add 0.2 ml pH
indicator to one ( pH indicator vary's according to required measuring
range)
- Use colour
comparator
- Due to
difficulty of excluding air, electronic pH meter preferred
- Exclude air at
all stages
- 100 ml
unfiltered water
- Add 4 ml H2SO4
+ 1 ml starch
- Add potassium
iodate-iodide untill blue colour
- ml
Iodate-Iodide sol x 806 / ml of sample = SO3 reserve in ppm
Ammonia
in feed
- Only necessary
where N2H4 used in blr
- Pour condensate
sample into two 50 ml colour comparator tubes
- Add 2 ml
Nessler reagent to one
- Wait 10 mins
- Use colour
comparator
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